$\newenvironment {prompt}{}{} \newcommand {\ungraded }[0]{} \newcommand {\exchange }[2]{#2#1} \newcommand {\todo }[0]{} \newcommand {\mooculus }[0]{\textsf {\textbf {MOOC}\textnormal {\textsf {ULUS}}}} \newcommand {\npnoround }[0]{\nprounddigits {-1}} \newcommand {\npnoroundexp }[0]{\nproundexpdigits {-1}} \newcommand {\npunitcommand }[1]{\ensuremath {\mathrm {#1}}} \newcommand {\RR }[0]{\mathbb R} \newcommand {\R }[0]{\mathbb R} \newcommand {\N }[0]{\mathbb N} \newcommand {\Z }[0]{\mathbb Z} \newcommand {\sagemath }[0]{\textsf {SageMath}} \newcommand {\ddx }[0]{\frac {d}{\d x}} \newcommand {\zeroOverZero }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {\tfrac {0}{0}}}} \newcommand {\inftyOverInfty }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {\tfrac {\infty }{\infty }}}} \newcommand {\zeroOverInfty }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {\tfrac {0}{\infty }}}} \newcommand {\zeroTimesInfty }[0]{\ensuremath {\small \boldsymbol {0\cdot \infty }}} \newcommand {\inftyMinusInfty }[0]{\ensuremath {\small \boldsymbol {\infty -\infty }}} \newcommand {\oneToInfty }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {1^\infty }}} \newcommand {\zeroToZero }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {0^0}}} \newcommand {\inftyToZero }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {\infty ^0}}} \newcommand {\numOverZero }[0]{\ensuremath {\boldsymbol {\tfrac {\#}{0}}}} \newcommand {\dfn }[0]{\textbf } \newcommand {\unit }[0]{\mathop {}\!\mathrm } \newcommand {\eval }[1]{\bigg [ #1 \bigg ]} \newcommand {\seq }[1]{\left ( #1 \right )} \newcommand {\epsilon }[0]{\varepsilon } \newcommand {\phi }[0]{\varphi } \newcommand {\iff }[0]{\Leftrightarrow } \DeclareMathOperator {\arccot }{arccot} \DeclareMathOperator {\arcsec }{arcsec} \DeclareMathOperator {\arccsc }{arccsc} \DeclareMathOperator {\si }{Si} \DeclareMathOperator {\scal }{scal} \DeclareMathOperator {\sign }{sign} \newcommand {\point }[1]{\left (#1\right )} \newcommand {\pt }[1]{\mathbf {#1}} \newcommand {\Lim }[2]{\lim _{\point {#1} \to \point {#2}}} \newcommand {\bar }[0]{\overline } \newcommand {\surfaceColor }[0]{violet} \newcommand {\surfaceColorTwo }[0]{redyellow} \newcommand {\sliceColor }[0]{greenyellow} \newcommand {\sectionOutcomes }[0]{} \newcommand {\qrset }[1]{\setkeys {qr}{#1}} \newcommand {\newrobustcmd }[0]{} \newcommand {\csshow }[1]{\begingroup \expandafter \endgroup \expandafter \show \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csmeaning }[1]{\ifcsname #1\endcsname \expandafter \meaning \csname #1\endcsname \else \detokenize {undefined}\fi } \newcommand {\ifdefmacro }[0]{} \newcommand {\ifdefparam }[0]{} \newcommand {\ifdefprotected }[0]{} \newcommand {\ifnumequal }[1]{\ifnumcomp {#1}=} \newcommand {\ifnumgreater }[1]{\ifnumcomp {#1}>} \newcommand {\ifnumless }[1]{\ifnumcomp {#1}<} \newcommand {\ifdimequal }[1]{\ifdimcomp {#1}=} \newcommand {\ifdimgreater }[1]{\ifdimcomp {#1}>} \newcommand {\ifdimless }[1]{\ifdimcomp {#1}<} \newcommand {\expandonce }[1]{\unexpanded \expandafter {#1}} \newcommand {\csexpandonce }[1]{\expandafter \expandonce \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\protecting }[0]{} \newcommand {\csdef }[1]{\expandafter \def \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csedef }[1]{\expandafter \edef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csgdef }[1]{\expandafter \gdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csxdef }[1]{\expandafter \xdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\cslet }[2]{\expandafter \let \csname #1\endcsname #2} \newcommand {\letcs }[2]{\ifcsdef {#2} {\expandafter \let \expandafter #1\csname #2\endcsname } {\undef #1}} \newcommand {\csletcs }[2]{\ifcsdef {#2} {\expandafter \let \csname #1\expandafter \endcsname \csname #2\endcsname } {\csundef {#1}}} \newcommand {\csuse }[1]{\ifcsname #1\endcsname \csname #1\expandafter \endcsname \fi } \newcommand {\appto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\edef #1{\unexpanded {#2}}} {\edef #1{\expandonce #1\unexpanded {#2}}}} \newcommand {\eappto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\edef #1{#2}} {\edef #1{\expandonce #1#2}}} \newcommand {\gappto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\xdef #1{\unexpanded {#2}}} {\xdef #1{\expandonce #1\unexpanded {#2}}}} \newcommand {\xappto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\xdef #1{#2}} {\xdef #1{\expandonce #1#2}}} \newcommand {\preto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\edef #1{\unexpanded {#2}}} {\edef #1{\unexpanded {#2}\expandonce #1}}} \newcommand {\epreto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\edef #1{#2}} {\edef #1{#2\expandonce #1}}} \newcommand {\gpreto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\xdef #1{\unexpanded {#2}}} {\xdef #1{\unexpanded {#2}\expandonce #1}}} \newcommand {\xpreto }[2]{\ifundef {#1} {\xdef #1{#2}} {\xdef #1{#2\expandonce #1}}} \newcommand {\csappto }[1]{\expandafter \appto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\cseappto }[1]{\expandafter \eappto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csgappto }[1]{\expandafter \gappto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csxappto }[1]{\expandafter \xappto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\cspreto }[1]{\expandafter \preto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csepreto }[1]{\expandafter \epreto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csgpreto }[1]{\expandafter \gpreto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csxpreto }[1]{\expandafter \xpreto \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csnumdef }[1]{\expandafter \numdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csnumgdef }[1]{\expandafter \numgdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csdimdef }[1]{\expandafter \dimdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csdimgdef }[1]{\expandafter \dimgdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csgluedef }[1]{\expandafter \gluedef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csgluegdef }[1]{\expandafter \gluegdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\mudef }[2]{\ifundef #1{\def #1{0mu}}{}\edef #1{\the \muexpr #2}} \newcommand {\csmudef }[1]{\expandafter \mudef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\csmugdef }[1]{\expandafter \mugdef \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\listbreak }[0]{} \newcommand {\listadd }[2]{\ifblank {#2}{}{\appto #1{#2|}}} \newcommand {\listgadd }[2]{\ifblank {#2}{}{\gappto #1{#2|}}} \newcommand {\listcsadd }[1]{\expandafter \listadd \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\listcseadd }[1]{\expandafter \listeadd \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\listcsgadd }[1]{\expandafter \listgadd \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\listcsxadd }[1]{\expandafter \listxadd \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\listcsremove }[1]{\expandafter \listremove \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\listcsgremove }[1]{\expandafter \listgremove \csname #1\endcsname } \newcommand {\dolistloop }[0]{\forlistloop \do } \newcommand {\dolistcsloop }[0]{\forlistcsloop \do } \newcommand {\AfterPreamble }[0]{\AtBeginDocument } \newcommand {\tcolorboxenvironment }[2]{\BeforeBeginEnvironment {#1}{\begin {tcolorbox}[savedelimiter={#1},#2]}\AfterEndEnvironment {#1}{\end {tcolorbox}}} \newcommand {\tcbpkgprefix }[0]{} \newcommand {\explanationTitle }[0]{} \newcommand {\desmos }[3]{ \begin {tcolorbox}[ fonttitle=\large ,halign title=center,arc=0pt,left*=24px,right=24px,colback=defaultDesmosBackground,colframe=defaultDesmosBorder,colbacktitle= defaultDesmosTitleBackground,coltext=defaultDesmosText,coltitle=defaultDesmosTitle,title=Desmos Interactive Lesson,] Try the Desmos interactive tool at \url {https://www.desmos.com/calculator/#1} or scan the QR-code below:\\ \begin {center} \qrcode [height=2in]{https://www.desmos.com/calculator/#1} \end {center} \end {tcolorbox} } \newcommand {\youtube }[1]{ \begin {tcolorbox}[ fonttitle=\large ,halign title=center,arc=0pt,left*=24px,right=24px,colback=defaultYouTubeBackground,colframe=defaultYouTubeBorder,colbacktitle= defaultYouTubeTitleBackground,coltext=defaultYouTubeText,coltitle=defaultYouTubeTitle,title=YouTube Hosted Video,] Watch the video via YouTube at \url {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=#1} or scan the QR-code below:\\ \begin {center} \qrcode [height=2in]{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=#1} \end {center} \end {tcolorbox} } \newcommand {\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument }[0]{\AtBeginDocument }$